Cómo citar
Resumen
Los procesos de integración se han enfocado en crear escenarios para favorecer el intercambio comercial y el flujo de inversiones de los países; sin embargo, los avances tecnológicos implican, entre otras cosas, que no es necesario buscar economías externas para disminuir costos, sino que el uso de ciertas tecnologías también puede hacerlo. En este sentido, las imperfecciones de mercado de las que hablan los teóricos del comercio, y que justifican la expansión de las empresas fuera de sus fronteras nacionales, no necesariamente implicarán la internacionalización del proceso de producción, porque la tecnología disminuiría los costos. Esto genera, entre otras cosas, desempleo tecnológico.
Referencias
Aguilera, A., & Ramos, M. (2016) Technological Unemployment: An Approximation to the Latin American Case. Ad-Minister, 29, 59-78. DOI: 10.17230/ad-minister.29.3
Aronowitz, S., & DiFazio, W. (1995). Jobless Future: Sci-Tech and the Dogma of Work. University of Minnesota Press.
Askenazy, P. (2013). Working time regulation in France from 1996 to 2012. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 37(2), 323-347. DOI: 10.1093/cje/bes084
Banco Mundial. (2016). World Development Report 2016: Digital Dividends. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/sghl4E
Becker, G. (1962). Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis. The Journal of Political Economy, 70(5), Part 2: 13-44. DOI: 10.1086/258724
Bix, A. (2000). Inventing Ourselves Out of a Job? America’s Debate over Technological Unemployment, 1929–1981. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Bogliaccini, J. (2013). Trade Liberalization, Deindustrialization, and Inequality: Evidence from Middle-Income Latin American Countries. Latin American Research Review, 48(2), 79-105 DOI: 10.1353/lar.2013.0028
Bosch, G., & Lehndorff, S. (2001). Working-Time Reduction and Employment: Experiences in Europe and Economic Policy Recommendations. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 25(2), 209-243. DOI:10.1093/cje/25.2.209
Brynjofsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2016) The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. Kindle Edition.
Cairó, I., & Cajner, T. (2014). Human Capital and Unemployment Dynamics: Why More Educated Workers Enjoy Greater Employment Stability. FEDS Working Paper No. 2014-09. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2390830
CEPAL. (2010). La flexibilidad laboral en América Latina: las reformas pasadas y las perspectivas futuras. Colección Documentos de proyectos. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/gph4Ez
Crespi, G., & Tacsir, E. (2011). Effects of Innovation on Employment in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank Technical Note No. IDB-TN-496. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/PYB4eV
Davis, D., & Reeve, T. (2000). Human capital, unemployment and relative wages in a global economy. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System International Finance. Discussion Papers Number 659. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/HiwuwR
De Ejalde, R., Giuliodori, D., & Stucchi, R. (2015). Employment and Innovation: Firm-Level Evidence from Argentina. Emerging Markets Finance & Trade, 51, 27-47. DOI: 10.1080/1540496X.2015.998088
De la Garza, E. (2016). Los estudios laborales en América Latina. Orígenes, desarrollo y perspectivas. Anthropos Editorial.
Ford, M. (2015). Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future. Kindle Edition.
Handel, M. (2003). Implications of Information Technology for Employment, Skills and Wages: A Review of Recent Research. SRI International. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/EcSRz7
Karabarbounis, L., & Neiman, B. (2013). The Global Decline of the Labor Share. NBER Working Paper No.19136. DOI: 10.3386/w19136
Katselidis, I., Vouldis, A., & Michalides, P. (2016). Sumner Slichter and Emil Lederer on technological umeployment. International Journal of Social Economics, 38(6): 537-556. DOI 10.1108/03068291111131391
Lederer, E. (1938). Technical progress and unemployment. International Labour Office.
Levy, F., & Murnane, R. (2004). The new division of labor. How computers are creating the next job market. Princeton University Press.
Manyika, J., Chui, M., Bughin, J., Dobbs, R., Bisson, P., & Marrs, A. (2013). Disruptive technologies: Advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy. McKinsey Global Institute. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/qPTLV7
OECD. (2016). New forms of work in the digital economy. OECD Digital Economy Papers No. 260. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/v35PgF
OIT. (2013). Manual de uso e interpretación de las estadísticas laborales. Organización Internacional del Trabajo. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/TeMKCE
OIT (2016a). Panorama Laboral 2016 América Latina y el Caribe. Organización Internacional del Trabajo. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/NuPc8T
OIT. (2016b). The rise of the “just-in-time workforce”: On-demand work, crowdwork and labour protection in the “gig economy”. Conditions of work and employment Series No. 71. Organizacion Internacional del Trabajo. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/RQrykV
OIT. (2016c). Income security in the on-deman economy: Findings and policy lessons from a survey of crowdworkers. Conditions of work and employment Series No. 74. Organizacion Internacional del Trabajo. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/o1YPt4
Ohanian, L., Raffo, A., & Rogerson, R. (2006). Long-term changes in labor supply and taxes: Evidence from OECD countries, 1956-2005. National Bureau of Economic Research. Working Paper 12786. DOI: 10.3386/w12786
Pratt, G. (2015). Is a Cambrian Explosion Coming for Robotics? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), 51-60. DOI: 10.1257/jep.29.3.51
Rifkin, J. (1995). The End of Work. The decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-Market Era. Tarcher/Putnam.
Sachs, J., Benzell, S., & LaGarda, G. (2015). Robots: Curse of blessing? A basic framework. NBER Working Paper 21091. DOI: 10.3386/w21091
The Economist. (2011). Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/ioMB3T
Woirol, G. (1996). The Technological Unemployment and Structural Unemployment Debates. Kindle Edition.
Woirol, G. (2006). New Data, New Issues: The Origins of the Technological Unemployment Debates. History of Political Economy, 38(3), 473-496. DOI 10.1215/00182702-2006-003
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2020 Institución Universitaria Politécnico Grancolombiano