Palabras clave
bulimia nerviosa
trastorno por atracón
neuropsicología
neuroimagen
Cómo citar
Resumen
Los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA), incluyendo anorexia nerviosa, bulimia nerviosa y trastorno por atracón, representan patologías de creciente prevalencia con importantes alteraciones neurobiológicas. Esta revisión sintetiza hallazgos de neuroimagen y perfiles neurocognitivos asociados a estos trastornos. Los estudios funcionales y estructurales evidencian alteraciones en regiones como corteza orbitofrontal, ínsula, amígdala, hipocampo y estructuras frontales, con patrones específicos según el trastorno. El perfil neurocognitivo revela déficits predominantes en flexibilidad cognitiva, coherencia central, control inhibitorio, toma de decisiones y funciones ejecutivas. La Terapia de Remediación Cognitiva emerge como intervención neuropsicológica específica, fundamentada en la neuroplasticidad y orientada a restaurar las funciones cognitivas afectadas. La alta comorbilidad psiquiátrica y médica, junto con la complejidad neuropsicológica, subrayan la necesidad de abordajes multidisciplinarios integrados desde el inicio del tratamiento para mejorar el pronóstico de estos pacientes.
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